I have a 2009 6.0 diesel and live in Canada and I've had to trouble shoot this problem. I changed the FCIM because I had low and inconsistant voltages, that was the biggest fix.
Here is a checklist and some things you can try:
-FICM voltage at 48V.
-Battery voltage resting above 12.4v - if not, swap batteries or plug in charger with block heater. I swapped to northstar pure lead agm.
-Alternator? These engines are really hard on alternators because of the massive draw from the glow plugs. The vans have the smaller body alternator and can easly be swapped for the truck alternator (by easy I mean it's a direct swap, don't expect to have any knuckle skin left)
-Block heater plugged in for 90 minutes, remember it's a ~1300W heater that has to heat 24L of collant, 14L of Oil and 900lb block
-Turbo cleaned - I wondered if some gunk needed to be heated up before the vanes would slide
-Switch to synthic if you don't have too many miles. Synthentics have better consistancy over a wider temperature range.
-Check glow plugs, I had a shop test them it, cylinder 8 had low voltage, I never did replace it but I should
-Upgrade the battery cables. I ran an additional 00 cable from the battery to the alternator and to the starter. I also cleaned the grounds.
-Fuel filters, there are 2 of them, one beside the alternator and one under the van. The one under the van can be drained to remove water off the bottom.
-Run injector cleaner. Hope that your injectors are working properly, replacing them is expensive.
-Last but not least, Winter Fuel or an additive. Up here they start adding anti-gel to all diesel fuel in November. I got in trouble once because I had October fuel in January.
Here is my theory with the cold and these trucks:
-Cold is hard on batteries
-Crappy cables make it hard for a small alternator to charge batteries mounted far away
-Small alternator doesn't work well
-FCIM gets low voltage and craps out
-Dead FCIM kills injectors
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